Relatıve Clauses In Gagauz Syntax

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

1. Introduction

   Aims and scope of the study

   1.2 Organization of the study

   1. Translations, transcriptions and glosses
   2. The alphabet of Gagauz
2. Historical Background and a general overview of Gagauz

   2.1 Locations of Gagauz Communities

   1. About the Gagauz language
   1. Dialects of Gagauz
   2. Historical Background of the Gagauz: Migration and Resettlement
   3. The alphabet

   2.2 The ethnogenesis of the Gagauz

   2.3 Studies about the Gagauz

3. A general outline of Gagauz syntax

   3.1 Sentence structure

   1. Declarative sentences
   2. Interrogative sentences
   1. Leading yes-no questions
   3. Imperative sentences
   1. Negative imperatives

   3.2 The main members of the sentence

   1. Subject of the sentence
   2. Predicate of the sentence
   1. Verbal predicate
   1. Verbs without subjects
   2. Verbs without direct objects
   3. Compound verbal predicate
   4. Compound verbal predicate with a verb in infinitive
   2. Copular sentences (nominal predicate)
   1. Copular sentences with adjectival complement
   2. Copular sentences with adverbial complement
   3. Var/yok
   1. Var nicä/var nası(l)
   1. Ability
   2. Possibility
   2. Yok nicä/yok nası(l)
   4. Lääzım
   5. Negative copula diil

   3.3 The secondary members of the sentence

   1. Object
   2. Oblique cases
   1. Dative: -(y)A
   2. Locative: -DA
   3. Ablative: -DAn
   4. Instrumental: -lAn, -nAn
   5. Equative: -AA, -CasInA ;
   6. Vacillations in case suffixes

   3.4 Word order in basic sentence structure

   1. Predicate preceding the subject
   2. Subject preceding the predicate
   3. Word order in genitive-possessed noun phrases

   3.5 Complex sentences

   1. Without connecting words
   2. With connecting words (coordinate clauses)
   1. Coupling
   1. da
   2. ne … ne
   3. hem
   2. Contrast
   1. ama
   2. sa
   3. Alternation
   1. ya … ya
   2. osa
   3. ili
4. Relative constructions as a universal grammatical category

   4.1 Some preliminary definitions

   4.2 Restrictive versus non-restrictive relative constructions

   4.3 Infinite relative clauses

   1. Participles in Gagauz
   1. Free participles
   1. The –(y)An participle
   2. The –mIş participle
   3. The –(y)AcAk participle
   4. The –(I~A)r participle
   5. The –mA
   6. The –(y)IcI
   2. Possessed participles

   4.4 Nominalization

   1. Subject expression in nominalizations

   4.5 Attribution

   1. Free participles as Attributes
   2. Possessed participles as attributes
5. Finite relative clauses

   5.1 Questions and relative clauses (interrogative pronouns and relative pronouns)

   1. kim
   2. ne
   3. näanı/nerey(ä)
   4. näanda/ner(e)dä
   5. näandan/ner(e)dän

   5.2 Complements for finite relative clauses

   1. kim
   2. ne
   3. angı
   4. näanı/nerey(ä)
   5. näanda/ner(e)dä
   6. näandan/ner(e)dän
   7. nezaman/nevakıt
   8. açan
   9. ani
6. Finite complement clauses and adverbial clauses

   6.1 Differences between finite complement and relative clauses

   6.2 Complementizers used in complement clauses

   1. kim
   2. ne
   3. naşäy/naşey
   4. nesoy
   5. nicä/nası(l)
   6. näanı/nerey(ä)
   7. näanda/ner(e)dä
   8. näandan/ner(e)dän
   9. nekadar
   10. nezaman/nevakıt
   11. ani
   12. ki
   13. aniki

   6.3 Adverbial clauses

   1. Time clauses
   2. Reason clauses
   1. neçin ki
   2. neçin deyni
   3. çünkü
   4. zerä
   5. ani
   6. ani ki
   7. onuştan ki
   8. raz
   9. onuştan
   3. Purpose clauses
   1. ani
   2. ki
   3. deyni
   4. Conditional clauses
   1. eer
   2. raz
   5. Concessive clauses
   1. eer … da
   2. makar ki
   3. makar ani
   4. makar
7. Conclusion

   7.1 Relative clause constructions in other Turkic languages

   1. Infinite relative clauses
   1. Using participles without possessive morphology
   2. Using participles with possessive morphology
   1. Participles without possessive morphology
   2. Participles with possessive morphology
   1. Possessive suffix is on participle
   1. The genitive subject
   2. The nominative subject
   2. Possessive suffix is on the head noun
   1. The genitive subject
   2. The nominative subjectf
   2. Finite relative clauses

   7.2 Conclusion on Gagauz

8. Bibliography