List of Illustrations. Acknowledgments. Introduction Evangelia Balta.  PART I: THE POLITICS OF PERCEPTION: THE OTTOMAN MEDITERRANEAN BETWEEN EUROPEAN THOUGHT AND ANATOLIAN IDENTITY. 1. Guillaume Postel’s De la République des Turcs and the Theopolitical Dreams of France in the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Mediterranean. Filip Malesevic. 2. Karamania Reimagined: From Exonym of Alterity to Symbol of Anatolian Belonging. Ayça Baydar and Umit Eser. PART II: BETWEEN EMPIRE AND NATION; KARAMANLIDIKA VOICES, OTTOMAN REFORMS, AND THE POLITICS OF PRINT (1860s–1930s). 3. Press, Politics, and Polemics: Ottoman Debate on Journalism during the Cretan Crisis (1866–67). Stefo Benlisoy. 4. Karagheuz enchaîné: Teodor Kasap and the Advent. of Hamidian Authoritarianism. İbrahim H. Kalkan and Owen R. Miller 5. Kostakis Anthopoulos Paşa, the Cretan Nizamiye Courts and Public Culture in the Late Ottoman Empire. Eleftheria Zei. 6. Karamanlides Pilgrims in the Holy Land Stavros Th. Anestidis. 7. Karamanlidika Antigone: An Early Adaptation in TurkishEnver A. Akova. 8. Athonite History and the Privilege Question of Ecumenical Patriarchate through two Karamanlidika Publications. Evangelia Balta. 9. A Karamanlidika Ode to Joachim III of Constantinople. Antony Shin. 10. The Early Years of the Republic of  Turkey through the pages of the Karamanlidika Newspaper Muhacir Sedası    Meryem Orakçı. PART III: LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPES OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. 11. Langue du pouvoir et conscience nationale : la turcophonie chez le Phanariote Dimitrios Katartzis à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Alexandra Sfoini. 12. A Preliminary Catalog of Books for Learning the Greek Language in the Ottoman Empire. Kudret Emiroğlu. 13. The Kurdish-Speaking Orthodox Rums of Diyarbekir: Songs, Memory, and Cultural Heritage. Evangelia Balta and Ayhan Tek. PART IV: THE REPRESENTATIONS OF JEWISH IDENTITY IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE. 14. Tracing the Jewish Subject in Shadow. TheatrePeri Efe.  PART V: MAPPING THE ARMENO-TURKISH INTELECTUAL LANDASCAPE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. 15. Armeno-Turkish Τextbooks as a Sociolinguistic Corpus for 19th-century Turkish Learning. Hülya Çelik and Ani Sargsyan. 16. The Socio-Cultural Life of Armenians in 19th-Century Kayseri: An Analysis of Hovhannes Balıkcıyan’s Booklet. Semanur Selçuk. 17. Towards a Bibliography of the Armeno-Turkish. NovelAram Ghoogasian. PART VΙ: LANGUAGE AND RELIGION ACROSS OTTOMAN AND GREEK  LITERATURES. 18. Some Preliminary Remarks on the Presence of Karamanlides  and Karamanlidika in Late Ottoman Turkish Literature. Anastasia Aglaia Lemos. 19. Crossed Identities: Turkish-Speaking Orthodox Christians and Greek-Speaking Muslim Refugees in Interwar Greek Prose. Evangelia Balta and Veroniki Dalakoura. In Memoriam Alexis Alexandris  Catherine Boura. Notes on Contributors. Index.